Several main objectives are providing for a well-designed grounding system. The priority is personal safety which
followed by protection equipment, signal reference quality, return path for faults and surges, and static dissipation.
To follow these objectives, all components shall meet international standards such as IEC 62561-2, UL 467.
The grounding system must be maintained in a low permanent resistance under adverse conditions for the expected lifetime
of the Grounding System.
Ground Rods, Conductors, and Connectors in the Grounding Network are subjected to severe corrosion in acidic and high
concession of salt environments. In the case of high mechanical stress is due to the electromagnetic force, and also rapid
thermal heating is due to the high current magnitude during fault conditions.
Ground Rod Selection
When choosing which material types to use for a ground rod, the best way is to consider the installation location by
measuring soil pH whether it is acidic, neutral, or alkaline.
 - If it is acidic (pH < 6), the recommended selection is a stainless steel ground rod.
 - If it is neutral (pH between 6 - 8), the recommended selection is a bonded ground rod (254 microns).
 - If it is alkaline (pH > 8), the recommended selection is the solid copper ground rod. In case of hard soil conditions,
 the recommended selection is copper-bonded ground rods 375 or 508 microns.
Copper-Bond Ground
 - Earth rods are made from high tensile low carbon steel.
 - Each rod is made by molecularly bonding 99.9 % pure electrolytic copper.
 - Molecular bond to nickel-sealed high-strength steel core
 - The copper layer whose minimum thickness of 254 microns met the UL standard
 - High tensile steel core 450 N/mm2
 and ensure a long life span.
Solid Copper
 - High investment and high resistance to corrosion
 - Low resistivity
 - Solid Copper Ground Rod must be prepared with a hole which is deep down equal to the length rod to protect bending
 (can’t be hammering rod).
Stainless steel (316L)
 - High investment and high resistance to corrosion
 - High Strength